3. 25 How about Differentiation of Syndromes in Accordance with the Cause of Diseases?

Dseases may have many cause. but to sum up, they are no more than the following four: six climatic factors in excess, excitation of seven cmotions, irregular diet and physical exertion, and trauiuadcinjures
3.26 What are the six climatic factors in excess and pestilence and major cithical manifestations?
(1) The wind syndrome
Clinical manifestations] Intolerance to wind , fever, swearing headache, nasal obstruction, a running nose coughing, a thin white coating and a floating and slow pulse.
(2) the cold syndrome
[clinical rrtariifesratons] Aversion to cold, fever, absence of
sweating, hradache, painful limbs, shortness of breath and cough irig. nasal obstruction, watery iiasal discharge a thin while coating and a floating tense pulse.
(3) rube surnriier-hate syndrome
Clinical mnanifestat ions A feverish sensation, intolerance to heat, headache and dizziness, restlessness, sweating, thirst lassitude, concentrated urine a red tongue with yellow coaling and a deficient pulse.
(4) The dainpiwss syndrome
Clinical manifestations A felling of the head being tightly bandaged. disicnding pain of the head , chest pain, sluggishness of the body and limbs, aching pain of joints absence of thirst, a white, sticky coating on tile tongue and a soft and slow pulse.
(5) Fh dryness syndrome
[Clinical rnanifestatioiis]
Cold- drynesi: Chills, fever, headache, absence of sweating, coughing, nasal obstruction, a dry throat and lips, a white, dry tongue coating and a floating pulse.
Warm-dryness: Fever, sweating, thirst, a dry throat, dry rough with little phlegm, chest pain on coughing, a dry, yellow coaling on the tongue, a red tongue tip with less saliva and a floating, rapid pulse.
(6) The fire syndrome
[Clinical manifestations] Fever, thirst, flushed compledon, reddened eyes, swollen gums, ulcerous lips and tongue, concentrated urine, constipation, a red tongue with yellw coating and a surging and rapid pulse.
(7 ) The pestilence syndrome
[Chnical nianifesraions]
Infectious epidemic disease; Averson to cold arid fever on the onset, continuous high fever, headache, general pain, a thick, white roaling on the tongue and a rapid pulse.
Fu1minant jaundice: Aversion to cold, fever on the onset, jaun dice, deep yellow tinges of the body and the white of eyes; cold limbs, coma, delirium in critical cases.
Epidemic disease with rashes: Fever, sharp headache, general pain, red or purplish skin eruptions and a rapid pulse.
3.27 What are syndromes due to excitation of seven emotions?Seven emotions refer to joy, anger, sadness, pensiveness, grief, fear and fright- if emorional excitation is extremely abrupt, or if it is persistent and exceeds the normal endurance of the human body, emotions may produce functional disturbance to the Zang-Fu organs. They then become pathogenic factors provoking disease and organic lesions. For example over-joy injures Yang ; and extreme anger impairs Yin stagnated Qi turns to fire, and imbalance of Qi and blood directly affects the related inremal organs.
3.28 What are differentiation ol syndromes in accordance with the state of Qi, blood and both fluid?
Differentiation of syndromes in accordance with the state of Qi, blood and body fluid deals with pathological changes of Qi blood and body fluid to recognize the exact syndrome.
3.29 What are differentiation of syndromes in accordance with the theory of Zang-Fu organs?
Differentiation of syndromes in accordance with the theory of Ling-Fu organs is the diagnostic basis of any branch of clinical medicine , and an important component part of the study of differentiation of syndromes adopted in traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the physiological function of the Zang-Vu organs and their pathological manifcstations, symptoms and signs are analysed to detect pathogenesis, the location and nature of diseases and preponderance and discomfiture of the antipathogcnic Qi and pathogenic factors.
The six meridians refer to the three Yang meridians and three Yin meridians. Syndromes of the first three are known as syndromes of the Yang rneridians-Yuivzng syndrome, Yang-ming syndrome and Shaoxzng syndrome; those of the last. three are syndromes of the yin meridians- Taiyin syndrome, Shaoyin syndrome and Jtwvin syndrome. The onset, progress and rossible path of development of the exogenous con dir ions can be divided into various stages and syndrornes types. The regu?ˉar path of development from the Tazw ng syndrome to the .Iueyin syndromes is 1 he orderly pattern. Among the syndromes there are meridian syndromes and Pu -organ syndromes. The essentials of this method lie iii the abundance and discomfiture of i he Xci rig- Fu organs and meridians and the change of Yin and Yatig. U. is imperative to determine the nature, location, alleviaiion knd deterioration of a disease and the therapeutic method in accordance with the characteristics of the syndromes of the six meridians.
3.31 What are differentiation of syndromes in accordance with the theory of the Wei, Qi, Ving and Xue systems?
Differentiation of syndromes in accordance with tfie theory of Wei, Qi, Ying and Kue systems is a specific differential approach for epidemic febrile diseases (including pestilence). Epidemic febrile diseases are classified into four stages: the syndrome of the Wei systern, syndrome of the Qi system, syndrome of the Ying system and syndrome of the Xue syndrome, suggesting the severeness of epidern-ic febrile diseases. It is also used as a guideline in differentiation of syndrcirnes and medical treatment
3.32 What are differentiation of syndromes in accordance with the theory of Sanjitw?
Differentiation of syndromes in accordance with the theory of sanjiao is also one of the methods for differentiation of epidemic I ehnle diseases, put forward by Wujutong in the Qing dynasty in line with the concept of Sanjiao iisted in “Huangdi’s Classic of Medicine”. It is based on differentiation of syndromes in accordance with the iheory of the Wei , Qi Ying and Xue systems developed by Ye Tianshi in combination with the transmitting law of the epidemic febrile diseases. ii lays stress on the pathological changes of the Zang Fu organs related to Sanjiao in the course of the epidemic febrile diseases, and takes this as the foundation to generalize the syndromes and to identify the depth of pathogenic factors in order to expound the mutual transmission of syndromes during different stages in the course of disease. Thus, the treating principle is determined.
The Knowledge of the Acupuncture -
and Moxilaistion of TCM
?4.1 What are meridians and collaterals?
Jing-Luo, is a general term for the Jing Mai (meridians) and Luo Mai (collaterals), which are the pathways through which the Qi and bLood circuleies within human body.
Jing means “go through” or “a path”. They are the main trunks thick and large. They run longitudinally and are deep-level distributed within in body. They include the iwelve regular meridians the eight extra meridians and the twelve divergent meridians.
Luo means “something that connects”or “a net”, They are branches of the meridians, thin and small.They run transversely and are distributed superficially and crisscross and net the whole body. They include the fifteen collaterals, the minute collaterals, and the superficial collaterals.
The theory of men dians-collaterals is theoretical doctrine that analyses the course and distribution, physiological function arid pathological changes of the meridian-collaterals of the human body and their relationship between with the Zang-Fu organs. It is an improtent component in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and the core of theory underlying acupuncture-inoxibustion. It permates physiology, pathology. diagnostic theories and treament principles in Chinese medicine, together with the theory of Yin-Yang and the five elements and the theory of Zang-Fu, It forms commonly the theoretical basis of Chinese medicine.
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