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3. 10 What are the methods of tongue diagnosis and precautions?
On inspection of the tongue stress is laid on light, the posture to protrude the tongue and the stained tongue coating.
Moreover, the rub of food and tongue scraping may reduce a thick coating to a thin one; intake of hot or irritant food may turn the tongue red; dry tongue is of ten seen in patients with a stuffy nose or those who breathe with the mouth open.
3.11 What are pulse positions at CunKon and corresponding organs ?
CunKou is divided into three regions, naiuiely, cun , guan chi . On both hands six kinds of pulse can he felt and each pulse can be taken with a gentle, moderate and heavy pressure. And each of these regions corresponds to one of the internal organs and reveals the pathological changes of the corresponding organ. For this no unanimous conclusion was drawn by practitioners throghout ages But now an agreement has been reached. On the left hand , the cun ,guan and chi correspond to the heart, Liver/gaflbladder, and kidney respecUvely. On the right hand the can. guan and ciii correspond to the lung, spleen/stomach and kidney respectively.
3. 12 What is the normal pulse?
Normal pulse refers to the pulse condinon of healthy persons. Pulse can he felt at the run, guan and chi regions. A normal pulse has frequency of about four to five beats per breath (or 72 -82 beats per minute), It is even, stable, harmonious and forceful with regular rhythms. When a heavy pressnre is applied to the chi pulse, one may feel a forceful beating. It varies with physiological and climatic conditions, however.
3. 13 Ahnonnal pulses and their suggestion of problems desily
feels fkinng, ihi-eady IWiciency svndnrne and rind aft dainrxKss svndrrinie
feels dllfusiqg, trirge F:x,n of (4, dcp[e an finriting tkn of (4 of the Zang-Eu organs
It is flmting, large.Sewrcie of blood, inaaclbolbnhkca aIjuce hen stalk
It feels exowucly wiry DepHionof bicixi, s Ed low nworrhcti, utcrine
blaxling
It only aipaele lraerior syndrrrae
pre-cd heavily
It is on Psllg? XPinwcnofthebxly
heavily In ihe bone by pliliwcnJe factors,
is exrrcrnely and thready bkjcicl
ia hrueful, large,
and long
AccilmLilaari of Yincold, hernia, lun iii
the th&rx
Name of pulse PLaNe rnndiricwi
SriiIar pulse
Rigges-tion of discxders
Pkrning pulse it nDspunds to the finger Exterior svridrccnc when pressed Iigfitt
but feels wetil when!
wavy Pres.slIre is aiIt
feels irne and its beat eceii svndixroc
is hkentxi in clashing
Waves that n.e forcefuLly
ancdecflne sixi Cicxnnion
Sharactenstics
Singing pulse
SoL pulse It
Palpable
Hidden pulse
45 Continued It has ie LiHmirx1h thai 4 beats puke Ier breath hlbovcr heats pur breath Exhausti of Yin chic to owrexubermicc of pnstration prirrxxJiERi Qi Exuberarto of Yanght il, stagnation of Qi and blood, retaltim of gested fcrxi and phlegm Slow puke Suggcsuoii of disorders The with it, than Add swidrcrne beats per breath Mcxieraw It has 4 bears c breath Ikficiericv n the spleen, puLse damrine. smiririe Ki-nited pulse Iniuxy to csnc, rnsiiffiocnt blood. wagmtim of Qi and Hrrxi it is a slow puise with Abundance of Yia and stagnattm of L1, reterilifltl of phiegiti due.Lddand hlood stasi, Rapid puke It has nrc than 5 beats Heat drrw per breath Running puh. It feeLs hiastv and mpkl with irlflzular rntrtriiflnnce Trmulcus palse feels rrnth and force - Pains terror CmaI irnied is enjory pertwper pressuir It is exncirwlv xlweaidv arid soft, Iwxidy pilIt is of ni tThxtit, only at die gucin iqic in wndnniu Drders of due, gallhhxkler pains, ie terition ribkw a fluid Aild svndtnciie, pain and retentlol hgeswd len Abundant yang. heat Sitriilar pole diseases Qi slow and wrsc, Hwfunclcn of rh. nhisifg at regular ! Zing organs, wind lirvals syidrx, trntnrate 3.14 What are differentiation of the eight principal syndromes? The eight principal syndromes serving as guidelines in diagnosis arc Yin, Yang ,exterior. interior, cold, heat, deficiency and excess. It s a method of differential diagnosis used to determine the nature- heat or cold, and the location-deep or superficial the confrontation between the anripathogenic Qi and pathogenic factors and die caregory of diseases- Yin or Yang, based on a comprehensive analysis of all the data obtained by means of inspection, ausculation and olfacnon, inquiry pulse-takeing and palpation. 3.15 What are differentiation of the exterior and interior syndromes? Exterior and interior are the principles that describe the location and tendency of a disease. In general, an exterior syndrome refers to an attack of the superficies-skin and hair, texture and interstitial spaces by pathogenic factors; an interior syndrome indicates disorders in the intcma organ, blood and vessels and bone narrows. 3.16 What is exterior syndromes? They refer to an attack of the superficies by the six exogenous pathogenic factors ihrc?¡¥igh the skin, hair, mouth and nose. it is usuaI[y seen at the early stage of illness due to exogenous pathogenic factors rnrked by a sudden onset and short course. 3.17 What is interior syndromes? They are contrary to the exterior ones, and are characterized by pathological changes in the zang-fu organs, qi and blood systems and bone narrows.To sum up, except the exterior ones all syndromes are under the head of the interier syndromes. 3. 18 What are differentiation of the cold and heat syndromes? Cold and heat arc two of the guiding principles that identify the specific nature of a disease. Since cold and heat reflect exuberance and discomfiture of Yin and Yang , differeTitiating syndromes of cold and hear, in fact, is telling the condition of Yin and Yang. In general, cold syndromes are provoked by insufficieni Yang-Qi or expose to pathogenic cold. heat syndromes result from hypcrfunctioning and preponderence of Yang or exposure to pathogenic hear, 3. 19 What are cold syndromes and their clinical manifestations? They arc caused by expoiure to exogenous pathogenic cold or insufficent Yang of the body due to a protracted illness, consumed Yang-Qi or by intake of cold foodstuffs, giving rise to internal cold. The cold syndromes includc cold in the exterior, cold in the interior, cold in a deficiency condition and cold in an excess condition. [ClinicaL Manifestations] The commonly seen ones are intolerance to cold, preference for heat. pallor, cold limbs, huddling up with cold. a diminished sense of taste in the mouth, absence of thirst, clear and thin sputum, saliva and nasal discharge, clear profuse urine, muse stools, a pale tongue with white, glossy coating and a slow or tense pulse. 3.20 What are heal syndromes and their clinical manifestations? They are caused by contracting of eogeious fire, internal of heat turned from cold, hcat due to excitation of the seven emotions and irregular diet or by hyperfunenon of Yang due in yin deficiency owing in excessive sexual activity that consumes essence. The heat syndromes include heat in the exerior,heat in the interior, heat in a deficiency condition and heat in an excess condition. [Clinical Manifestaiioris] Manifestations vary in different- heat syndromes, but the coinnionly-seen ones are intolerance to hem and prefernee for cold and cold beverages, thirst, flushed complexion and reddened eyes, irritability, thick, yellow sputum and nasal diseharge heinaternesis, nose bleeding, concentrated urine. conslipalion, a reddened tongue with dry. yellow coating and a rapid pulse. 3 21 What are differentiating items in cold and heat syndromes? 3.22 I)ifferentiating syndromes of deficiency and excess 3.23 What are differentiation of syndromes or Yin and Yang As already mentioned Yin and Yang arc two guiuelines in differentiation of syndromes. ClinScally, though syndromcs are complex and changeable, hut They are always divided into two classes either Yin UT Yang. Thus on diagnosis, Yin and Yang rnusl be differentiated first. Thus, syndromes of the exerior- beat, and excess conditions are classified as the Yang syndromes, while those of the interior, cold and deficiency condiiions arc the Yin syndromes. 3.24 Differentiating syndromes of Yin and Yang tre |