415 Which disease can be treated by the liver meridian of foot Jueyin?
Main disorders of the meridian:Lurnbago, fullns of the chest, hiccup, enuresis, dysuria, hernia, swelling of the Lower abdcmien.
Indications:① Disorders of the reproductive and urinary systern: irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, uterine bleeding, seminal emission, impotence, enuresis, retention of urine, etc.②Disorders of the digestive system: vomiting, hiccup, diarrhea, etc.③ Disorders along the regions along the course of this meridian: pain, numbness and motor impairment along the course of the meridian at the lower extremities.④ Hypertension, stroke, infantile convulsion, epilepsy, swelling and pain of the eye, etc.
(1) Dadun
[Locaton] On the lateral side of the dorsum of the great toe, about 0.1. cun from the corner of the nail.
(2) Xingjian
[Location] At the dorsum of foot, between the 1st and 2nd toc, at the junction of the red and white skin proximal to the margin of the web.
(3) Taichong
[Location] On the dorsurn of the foot, in the depression distal to the junction of the 1st and 2nd meuuarsal bones.
(4) Ququan
[Location] When the knee is flexed. the point is above the medial und of the transverse popliycal crease
(5) Zhungrnen
[Location] On the lateral side of the abdomen , below the free end oF the 11th rib.
?(6) Qimen
[Location] Directly below the nippie, in the 6th intercostals space.
4.16 Which diseases can he treated by the Ren meridian?
Main diwders of the meridian: leukorrhca, hernia, mass in the abdomen.
Indications:①Incal diseases of the abdomen, chest, neck, bead and face;② The diseases of the corresponding internal organs;③Mental illness;④A number of acupoints on the meridian have a ioriification effect.
(1) Qugu
[Location] On the lower abdomen at the midpoint of the upper border of synnpbysis pithis
(2)Zhongji
[Location] On the midlint of the abdomen , 4 cun directly below the umbilieus.
(3) Guanyuan
[Location] On the midline of the abdomen, 3 cun directly below the umbilicus.
(4) Qihui
[Location] On the midline of the abdomen, 1.5 cun directly below the umbilicusd
(5) Shenque
[Location] In the center of the umbilicus
(6) Shuifrn
[Location] On the anterior midline, I cun above the center of the umbilicus.
(7) Xiawan
[Location] On the epigastriurn, at the anterior midline, 2 cun directly above the center of the umbilicus.
(8) Zhnngtcvri
[Location] On the cpigastrium, at the anterior midline, 4 cun directly above the center of the umbihcus.
(9) Shangwan
[Location] On the anterior midline, 5 cun above the center of the umbilicus
(10) Tanzhong
[Location] On the anterior midline of the chest, at midpoint of the line joining two nipples, level with the 4th intercostals space.
(11) Tiantu
[Location] At the base of the neck, on the anterior midline, at the center of the suprasrernal fossa.
(12)Lianquan
[Location] ?On the neck, on the anterior midline, above the Adam’s apple, in the deprcssion at the upper border of the hyoid hone.
(13) Chengjiang
[Location] In the depression of the middle of the mentolahial groove.
4. 17 Which disease can be treated by the Du meridian acupoints?
Main disorders of tile meridian: Stiffness and pain in the spinal column, opistbotonos, etc.
Indications: ①Mental diseases; ②Fehrde diseases; ③Loeal diseases in the lumbosacral region, back, head and nape: ④Diseases of the corresponding internal organs.
(1) Changqiang
[Location] Below the tip of the coccyx, just at the midpoint between the tip of coccyx and the anus.
(2) Yaoyangguan
[Location] In the lumbar region, at the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vzrtebra.
(3) Mingmen
[Location] On the lumbar region, at the posterior rnidli tie, in the depression below the spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra.
(4) Zhiyang
[Location] At the posterior midline, in the depressicrn below the spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra.
(5) Dazhui
[Location] At the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of die 7th cervical vertebra.
?(6) Yamen
[Location] 0.5 cnn directly above the posterior hairline.
(7) Fengfu
[Location] 1 cun directly above the median of the posterior hairine and directly below lilt external occipital protuberance, in the depression between the two sides of the trapezws muscle Naohu
[Location] 2.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the posterior hairline.
(9) Qthnjian
[Location] 4 cull directly above the midpoint of posterior hairline.
(10) Baihui
[Location] At the vertex. 5 cun directly above the median of the anterior hairline, or the midpoint of the line joining two auricular apexes.
(11) Qiancding
[Location] 3.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline
(12) Shangnng
[Location] At the head, 1 cun directly t-Jxwe the midpoint of the anterior hairline.
(13) Shenting
[Iocationj 0.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline..
(14) Suliao
[Location] On the tip of the nose.
(15) Shuigou
[Location] On the face, at the junction of the upper 1/3 and middle 1/3 of the philtrum.
4.18 Do ynu know the structure and sterge of a filiform needle?
The structure of a filiform needle may be divided into five parts.
(I) Tail: the part at the end of the handle.
(2) Handle: the part that the fingers hold. It is wrapped with line copper or aluminum wire.
(3) Root: the connecting section between the body and the handle
(4) Body: the shaft of the needle, between the handle and the tip.
(5) Tip: the sharp end of the needle.
As the main tool, the filiform needles should be kept and maintairied with great care to avoid damage, The needles should be carefully in-pected before using. Ncedles that are rusted, have a bcent body or a dull, hooked tip should he discarded.
4. 19 How are steriLization of the liliform needle?
[Needle sterilization]
Needle and other instrurnents wrappped in gauze. are sterilized either in an autoclave at 1.5 atmosphere pressure arid 120t for more than 15 minutes, or in boiling water br 1 5 20 minutes.
?[Sterilization of points and practitioner’ hands]
The area of the selected point should be cleaned with a cotton ball in 75% alcohol Or first disinfected with a solution of 2. 5 % tincture of iodine and then cleaned with an alcohol cotton ball. Before treatment, the practitioner’s hands should be washed with water and soap, then cleaned with cotton balls in 75 % alcohol after the hands are dried.
4.20 Do you know what are the manipulation and arrival of Qi?
Needle manipulation refers to various manipulations of the acm- puncture needle to assist the sensation of the arrival of Qi. The arrival of Qi refers to the reaction of meridian Qi that is produccd after the needle is inserted.
When this reaction of meridian Qi is produced,the practitioner will feel tenseness and/or a dragging sensation around the needle; the patient will feel soreness, numbness, distention or heaviness around the point, or a sensation traveling up and down the meridian.
If there is no arrival of Qi or reaction of meridian Qi, the practitioner should feel emptiness around the needle; the patient will not feel a sore, or numb sensation or feeling of distention or heaviness around the point.
Whether arrival of Qi is achieved or not, the quick or slow arrival of Qi are not only directly related to the therapeutic effect of acupuncture but also can be used to deduce the prognosis of the disease. Clinically generally, the quicker die arrival of Qi, the better the effect will be ; the slower arrival of Qi the worse the effect. If there is no arrival of QI, the therapeutic effect is not possible.
So ehnically, if there is no arrival of Qi during the treatment, as reasons, inaccurate location of the point , improper manipulation of the needle, incorrect angle or depth of the needle should he considered. Generally, the arrival of Qi should be achieved when the following methods are adopted. Either relocation to the correct point, readjustment of angle or depth of the needle, or readjusrrneni of proper manipulation to the needle.
4.21 What arc primary manipulating techniques of the needle?
(1) Lifting and thrusting
This is a nianpulatkrn metFod whereby the needle is perpendcu larly thrusted form the superficial layer to the deep layer, and lifted from the deep layer to the superlicial layer in the point when the needle is inserted to a certain depth.
(2)Twirling or rotating
This is a rnanipuhition method whereby the needLe is held by the thumb, index and middle fingers of the right band and twirled or rotated forward and backward continuously when the needle is inserted to a certain depth.
4.22 What are reinforcing and reducing methods of meedle?
The reinforcing method refers to the method which is able to invigorare the body’s healthy Qi and to strengthen weak physiological function. The reducing method refers to the method which is able to climinate the pathogenic factors and to harmonize hyperactive physioLogical function.
(1) Reinforcing and reducing by twirling and rotating the needle After the needle is inserted to given depth and the arrival of Qi is obtained, rotating the needle gently and slowly with small arnplituck and at a short duration. This is called reinforcing. Rotating the needle strongly and rapidly with large amplitude and at a long duration is called reducing.
(2) Reinforcing and reducing by lifting and thrusting the needle
After the needle is inserted to given depth and the arrival of Qi is achieved, reinforcing is obtained by thrusting the needle strongly and lifting it strongly with a small amplitude, low frequency with a short duration of operation. Reducing is obtained by thrusting the needle gently and lifting it strongly with a large amplitude, high frequency and a long duration of operanon.
(3) Breathing reinforcing and reducing
Rerrforeing is achieved by inserting the needle when the patient breathes out arid withdrawing the needle when the patient breathes in Reducing is achieved in the opposite way.
(4) Even reinforcing and reducing movement
After the needle is inserted and arrival of Qi is achieved, lift, thrust and rotate the needle evenly, then withdraw the needle. 4.23 How to retain and withdraw of the needle?
[Retaining]
Retaining refers to keeping the needle in place after it is inserted into a point w strengthen and maintain the needing effect. For cases with slow arrival of Qi, retaining will facilitate the effect of wailing for the arrival Qi and promoting Qi. Retention during treatment is usually 10-20 minutes. It is advisable to manipulate the needle internittently during the retaining of needle to strengthen the the acupuncture effect. For some of the diseases, such as cormnon cold and fever, as long as the Qi arrived and the manipulation techniques are finished then you may withdraw the needle
[Withdrawing]
On withdrawal of the needle , press the skin around the point with the thumb arid index finger of the left hand, rotate the needle gently and lift it slowly to subcutaneous level, withdraw it quickly arid press the punctured point with an alcohol cotton ball for short period to prevent hleeding. If reinforcing and reducing method is used, the hole should be pressed quickly to reinforce, but not pressed in order to expel the evils to reduce.
4. 24 Which are the precautions in acupuncture shonid be liiilowed?
(1) It is not advisable to apply acupuncture to the patients who are fanmished,fatigured or nervous. Srong manipulation is not alowed and lying posture is recommended for patients with a weak constitution.
(2) It is conrraindicatcd to puncture points on the abdomen and lurnbosacral region of the pregnant women. Hegu , Jiunjing, Sany- injiao , Kunlun and Zhiyin are forbidden to use on women during their pregnancy.
(3) Points on tfw vertex 0f nfnnts should not be needle when the fontanel is not closed
(4 ) Patients who Ireqiienrlv bleed spontaneousLy or bleeding does not stop after injury should riot be needled.
(5) Infection ulceration, scar or a tumor of i he skin are conrraindicated to needle.
(6) When needling points of the cvc nape, chest, back, and hypochondria, the angle, direction arid depth of needle should be correct.